Hello, ladies! Today, we’re diving into a topic close to many of our hearts, thighs, and waistlines – unexplained weight gain in women. It’s a phenomenon that sneaks up on us, especially once we hit our 30s and beyond. One day, you’re rocking your favorite jeans, and the next, you’re wondering why they’re suddenly feeling a bit too tight – like someone washed and dried them on high heat. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Let’s explore why this happens and what we can do about it.
1. The Age Factor
Firstly, it’s essential to understand that weight gain is a natural part of life. Factors like age, decreased activity levels, loss of muscle mass, a slower metabolism, and even your menstrual cycle can all cause you to gain a few extra pounds. So, unexplained weight gain isn’t always something to worry about, especially if you can pinpoint the reason after thinking about it for a few minutes.
As we age, our bodies undergo a series of natural changes that can often lead to weight gain and this evidenced aging is particularly true for women in their 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60s. During these decades, hormonal fluctuations, lifestyle changes, and physiological transformations can all contribute to an increase in weight.
Symptoms of the Age Factor and Associated Conditions
In Your 30s
During your 30s, you may start to notice that your metabolism isn’t as fast as it used to be. This slowdown can lead to gradual weight gain, especially if your lifestyle is sedentary or your diet is high in calories.
Symptoms:
- Gradual weight gain
- Slower metabolism
- Increased body fat
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance occurs when your cells are overworked and become less responsive to insulin, leading to higher blood sugar levels and increased fat storage.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal disorder can cause weight gain, irregular periods, acne, hair loss and growth, and fertility issues.
In Your 40s
In your 40s, hormonal changes related to perimenopause (the transition period before menopause) can significantly impact your weight. Levels of estrogen start to fluctuate, which can lead to weight gain, particularly in your midsection.
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Hypothyroidism: This condition, characterized by an underactive thyroid, can make you constipated, slow your metabolism and cause weight gain.
- Perimenopause: The hormonal changes during this sometimes decade-long period can lead to weight gain and changes in body composition.
In Your 50s
Once you reach your 50s, you’re likely to be in menopause, bringing about its own challenges. Plunging levels of estrogen can lead to an increase in abdominal fat. Additionally, muscle mass tends to decrease during this decade, which can further slow your metabolism.
Symptoms:
- Increased abdominal fat
- Loss of muscle mass
- Hot flashes
Associated Conditions:
- Menopause: The hormonal changes during menopause commonly leave women with weight gain and obvious changes in body composition.
- Osteoporosis: The decrease in estrogen levels can reduce bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
In Your 60s
In your 60s, lifestyle factors play a significant role in weight gain. With retirement, you might become less physically active, which can contribute to weight gain. Additionally, age-related muscle loss continues, which can slow your metabolism further.
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Decreased activity levels
- Further loss of muscle mass
Associated Conditions:
- Sarcopenia: Usually suspected due to a loss of muscle mass and function, which can contribute to weight gain and decreased mobility.
- Cardiovascular disease: Weight gain and a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions.
Remember, these symptoms and conditions are not a guarantee but are common occurrences that can contribute to weight gain as we age. If the weight gain begins to cause joint pains or your mood is worsening and you’re becoming less and less active, it’s worth getting to the bottom. Outside of pregnancy, weight gain around the waistline in adults is often a sign of insulin resistance or hypersecretion. It can also be due to other medical causes that are less common such as excess cortisol-manifesting as Cushing’s Syndrome or cancer like ovarian cancer.
2. Hormonal Havoc
What is the biggest culprit behind your body’s changes after 40?
Hormones!
These chemical messengers control most body functions, from reproduction to metabolism, fat storage, and hunger. As you approach menopause, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels fluctuate. This hormone fluctuation causes a deluge of changes, from decreasing bone density and lean muscle mass to lower sex drive and mood changes.
As women age, hormonal fluctuations can significantly impact weight and body composition. Let’s examine the key hormones involved in this process.
Estrogen
In technical terms, estrogen refers to a group of hormones that play an essential role in the female reproductive system. It also influences body weight by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. In layperson’s terms, estrogen is the hormone that gives women their female characteristics and helps keep their weight in check. When estrogen levels drop during menopause, the body might compensate by increasing fat storage, often around the abdomen.
Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone that regulates various bodily functions, including menstrual cycles and pregnancy. It also plays a role in fat storage and water retention. In simpler terms, progesterone is the hormone that prepares your body for pregnancy and helps regulate your menstrual cycle. Like estrogen, progesterone levels drop during menopause, which can lead to weight gain and bloating.
Testosterone
While often associated with men, testosterone is also vital for women. It helps maintain muscle mass, bone density, and sex drive. In layperson’s terms, testosterone is the hormone that helps keep your muscles strong and your bones healthy. As women age, testosterone levels decrease, which can lead to a loss of muscle mass and an increase in body fat, resulting in overall weight gain.
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose. When insulin function is impaired (a condition known as insulin resistance), glucose builds up in the blood, leading to weight gain and potentially type 2 diabetes. In simpler terms, insulin is like a key that lets sugar into your cells to be used for energy. If the key doesn’t work correctly, sugar builds up in your blood, leading to weight gain.
Symptoms and Associated Hormonal Conditions
In Your 30s
Symptoms:
- Gradual weight gain
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- Increased appetite
Associated Conditions:
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition is characterized by high levels of androgens (male hormones), leading to weight gain, irregular periods, and fertility issues.
- Insulin resistance: This condition can lead to weight gain and is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
In Your 40s
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: This condition can lead to weight gain and is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
- Perimenopause: This is the transition period before menopause, characterized by fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone, which can lead to weight gain.
In Your 50s
Symptoms:
- Increased abdominal fat
- Hot flashes
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: This condition can lead to weight gain and is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
- Menopause: The estrogen and progesterone levels drop during menopause can lead to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.
In Your 60s
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Decreased muscle mass
- Increased abdominal fat
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: This condition can lead to weight gain and is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
- Post-menopause: After menopause, low estrogen levels can continue to contribute to weight gain and changes in body composition.
3. The Metabolic Slowdown
As we age, our metabolism naturally slows down. Several factors, including hormonal changes, loss of muscle mass, and lifestyle habits, influence this metabolic slowdown. Let’s break down these factors and their impact on weight and weight gain.
Hormonal Changes
Hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. As these hormone levels fluctuate with age, particularly during perimenopause and menopause, your metabolism can slow down, leading to weight gain, changes in body composition, fat accumulation, and fat distribution.
Muscle Mass
Your muscle burns more calories at rest than fat does, so losing muscle mass can decrease your RMR and slow your metabolism. As you age, you’ll naturally lose muscle mass, a process that hormonal changes and decreased physical activity can accelerate. Most people are only focused on the number on the scale when gaining or losing weight, and the number isn’t a direct reflection of your fat; your body fat percentage is.
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Technically, your RMR is the number of calories your body needs to perform essential functions at rest, such as breathing and circulating blood. In simpler terms, it’s the number of calories your body burns when you’re not doing anything. As you age, your RMR decreases, meaning you burn fewer calories at rest. This slowing can lead to weight gain if you continue eating the same calories as when your RMR was higher.
Testing Your RMR
Your RMR can be measured through indirect calorimetry, a non-invasive test measuring the ratio of oxygen you consume and the ratio of carbon dioxide you produce. This test is typically performed in a clinical setting and can provide valuable information about your metabolic health.
The Impact of Not Meeting and Exceeding Your RMR
Eating less than your RMR can have adverse effects on your body. Eating (much less, absorbing) fewer calories than your body needs for basic functions, it can go into “starvation mode,” slowing your metabolism to conserve energy. This slowing can lead to weight gain, particularly fat mass gain, as your body stores more calories as fat. Additionally, eating too few calories can lead to muscle loss, further slowing your metabolism and making it harder to lose weight.
Symptoms and Associated Conditions
In Your 30s
Symptoms:
- Gradual weight gain
- Feeling cold
- Fatigue
Associated Conditions:
- Hypothyroidism: This condition, characterized by a sluggish thyroid, can make your hair thin, slow your metabolism and cause weight gain.
In Your 40s
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Perimenopause: The fluctuations in hormone levels may result in weight gain and a decrease in metabolic function (slower metabolism).
In Your 50s
Symptoms:
- Increased abdominal fat
- Hot flashes
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Menopause: The drop in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause can lead to weight gain and a slower metabolism.
In Your 60s
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Decreased muscle mass
- Increased abdominal fat
Associated Conditions:
- Sarcopenia: is a condition that causes a decline in muscle mass and reduced function. It typically leads to a sluggish metabolism and weight gain.
4. Muscle Mass Matters
Muscle mass plays a crucial role in our body’s metabolic function and overall weight management. As we age, we naturally lose muscle, which can significantly impact our metabolism and lead to weight gain.
After age 40, things pick up and you lose muscle mass (your calorie torching machine) at a rate of approximately 1% every year. What’s worse, it’s also linked to dropping estrogen and testosterone levels accompanying perimenopause and menopause. Hormonal changes magnified by a slower metabolism, you just don’t burn calories like you did when you were young.
Muscle Mass and Metabolic Function
Technically, muscle tissue is metabolically active, meaning it burns calories even when you’re at rest. The more muscle mass you have, the higher (FASTER) your resting metabolic rate (RMR) will be. In simpler terms, muscle is like a calorie-burning engine. The more muscle you have, the more calories you burn throughout the day, even when you’re not exercising.
Muscle Mass and Hormone Levels
Hormones like testosterone and growth hormone play a crucial role in muscle growth and maintenance. As we age, levels of these hormones naturally decrease, leading to a loss of muscle mass. In basic terms, as we get older, our bodies produce less of the hormones that help us build and maintain muscle, which can lead to muscle loss.
Importance of Monitoring Lean Mass and Body Fat %
When it comes to weight management, it’s essential to focus your attention and plan on losing fat and maintaining (or gaining) muscle rather than just losing weight on the scale. This approach can’t be understated because not all weight loss is created equal. Losing muscle mass can slow your metabolism and make it harder to lose weight in the long run. On the other hand, maintaining or gaining muscle can give your metabolism a boost and improve your body’s composition (the ratio of fat to lean tissue in your body). This “smart weight loss” can cause the scale to go up sometimes, but your waistline and other inches reduce. These results are easier to see in a mirror or picture than on a scale.
Semaglutides and Muscle Mass
Semaglutides, such as Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Ozempic, are medications now commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. They work by mimicking a hormone that targets areas of the brain that regulate appetite. While these medications can lead to significant weight loss, it’s important to note that not all weight loss is from fat. Some of it can be from muscle, especially if the weight loss is achieved through calorie restriction. Losing a lot of weight quickly by not eating enough can lead to significant muscle loss, slowing your metabolism and setting you up for rebound weight gain when you go off the medication.
Symptoms and Associated Conditions
In Your 30s
Symptoms:
- Gradual weight gain
- Decreased muscle strength
- Fatigue
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: This condition can lead to weight gain and muscle loss.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition can lead to weight gain and muscle loss due to hormonal imbalances.
In Your 40s
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Decreased muscle mass
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
Associated Conditions:
- Perimenopause: The hormonal changes during this period can lead to weight gain and muscle loss.
In Your 50s
Symptoms:
- Increased abdominal fat
- Loss of muscle mass
- Hot flashes
Associated Conditions:
- Menopause: During menopause, the decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels may result in an increase in weight and a decrease in muscle mass.
In Your 60s
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Decreased muscle mass
- Increased abdominal fat
Associated Conditions:
- Sarcopenia: This condition, characterized by loss of muscle mass and function, can contribute to weight gain and a slower metabolism.
5. Insulin Resistance and Hunger Hormones
As you get older, especially as you gain weight, the body puts on its blinders and starts to ignore insulin (the friendly hormone tasked with regulating blood sugar levels). As a result, your blood sugar is higher because your cells aren’t absorbing it. The result? It feels like you’re hungry and experiencing even more cravings. Not only does this lead to unwanted inches and pounds, but it also puts you at greater risk for type 2 diabetes.
Hormones, like ghrelin (which signals to you when you’re hungry) and leptin (when you’re full) also fluctuate. As we age, the receptor sites for these hormones don’t work as well as they once did, and we become resistant to them. It’s not just in your head… you’re actually hungrier because of your hormones.
Insulin resistance and fluctuations in hunger hormones can significantly contribute to unexplained weight gain. Let’s explore this through the stories of Ava, Kerry, and Maria.
Ava’s Story
Ava, a 42-year-old professional, was always on the go. Her busy job meant she often skipped meals and relied on coffee to keep her energy levels up. Over time, Ava noticed that she was gaining weight, particularly around her midsection. She was puzzled because she ate less than ever due to her busy schedule.
A visit to her doctor revealed that Ava had developed insulin resistance. Her habit of skipping meals and relying on coffee had caused her blood sugar levels to fluctuate wildly, causing her body to produce more insulin. Over time, her cells had become less responsive to insulin, leading to weight gain. Ava’s story is a reminder that a balanced, regular diet is essential for maintaining insulin sensitivity and managing weight.
Kerry’s Story
Kerry, in her 30s, was a fitness enthusiast. She always tried the latest workout trends and was a fixture at her local gym. However, Kerry also liked juicing and diet soda, believing they would help her maintain her weight.
Despite her active lifestyle, Kerry noticed that she was slowly but steadily gaining weight. She was baffled because she was exercising more than ever and consuming low-calorie diets. A visit to a nutritionist revealed that Kerry’s juice diet, high-intensity exercise regimen, and diet soda consumption had disrupted her hunger hormones, ghrelin, and leptin. This disruption had increased her cravings and led to overeating, contributing to her weight gain. Kerry’s story highlights the importance of a balanced diet and moderate exercise for weight management.
Sabrina’s Story
Sabrina, a 61-year-old retired teacher, was finally enjoying her well-deserved freedom. With no more papers to grade or parent-teacher meetings to attend, she had all the time in the world to focus on herself. However, she found herself preoccupied with her weight. Despite her clothes feeling tighter, the number on the scale remained stubbornly the same.
Sabrina had been a lifetime member of Weight Watchers and had always been able to rely on the program to manage her weight. She meticulously tracked her points and often ate fewer than her daily allotment. But now, despite sticking to the diet religiously, the weight wasn’t coming off.
Confused and frustrated, Sabrina decided to consult with her doctor. After a series of tests, her doctor revealed that Sabrina had developed insulin resistance. The years of restrictive dieting had taken a toll on her metabolism. Her body was producing more insulin to compensate for the fluctuating blood sugar levels caused by her low-calorie diet. Worse, the “low-point foods” tended to be higher in carbohydrates and lower in healthy fats, so even when she felt she was “being good,” it really wasn’t good for her. Over time, her cells had become less responsive to insulin, leading to weight gain.
Furthermore, her doctor explained that her hunger hormones, ghrelin, and leptin, had also been affected. The restrictive dieting disrupted the balance of these hormones, leading to increased hunger and decreased satiety.
Sabrina’s story is a reminder that while diet programs like Weight Watchers may be effective for weight loss on the scale, they don’t take the whole picture into account and are not suitable for everyone, especially as we age.
Symptoms and Associated Conditions
In Your 30s
Symptoms:
- Gradual weight gain
- Increased hunger and cravings
- Fatigue
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: This condition can lead to weight gain and is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal disorder can cause weight gain, irregular periods, and fertility issues.
In Your 40s
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Increased hunger and cravings
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
Associated Conditions:
- Perimenopause: The hormonal changes during this decade-long period usually lead to weight gain and changes in body composition.
In Your 50s
Symptoms:
- Increased abdominal fat
- Increased hunger and cravings
- Hot flashes
Associated Conditions:
- Menopause: The hormonal changes during menopause commonly leave women with weight gain and obvious changes in body composition.
In Your 60s
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Increased hunger and cravings
- Decreased muscle mass
Associated Conditions:
- Insulin resistance: This condition can continue to contribute to weight gain in older age.
- Post-menopause: After menopause, hormonal changes can continue to impact hunger hormones and contribute to weight gain.
6. The Stress Factor
Women today experience a wide variety of stress in middle age, from managing their careers and finances while frequently caring for their children and parents. Stress, in its various forms, can significantly contribute to weight gain. Mental, physiological, and lifestyle stress all play a role in our overall health and can directly impact our weight.
Mental Stress
This type of stress is often related to our emotional and psychological state. It can be caused by factors such as work pressure, relationship issues, or financial worries. Mental stress can lead to behaviors like emotional eating or neglecting physical activity, which can contribute to weight gain.
Physiological Stress
This refers to physical stress on the body, which can be caused by factors like illness, lack of sleep, or poor nutrition. Physiological stress can disrupt the body’s hormonal balance, leading to increased appetite, cravings, and, ultimately, weight gain.
Lifestyle Stress
This type of stress is related to our daily routines and habits. It can be caused by factors like a hectic schedule, lack of time for self-care, or trying to “Keep Up with the Joneses.” The societal pressure to be constantly busy can lead to neglecting healthy habits, like regular exercise and balanced meals, leading to weight gain.
Societal Influence and Chronic Stress
In today’s fast-paced society, staying constantly busy is often seen as a badge of honor. However, this “always-on” mentality can lead to chronic stress, which can significantly impact our weight and overall health. Chronic stress can disrupt our body’s hormonal balance, increase our appetite, and lead to behaviors like emotional eating or neglecting physical activity.
Furthermore, the pressure to “Keep Up with the Joneses” can increase stress levels. The desire to match or outdo others’ lifestyles can lead to financial stress, lack of time for self-care, and neglect of healthy habits, all of which can contribute to weight gain.
Symptoms and Associated Conditions
In Your 30s
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Increased appetite and cravings
- Difficulty sleeping
Associated Conditions:
- Anxiety and Depression: Chronic stressors can lead to mental health conditions like anxiety and depression, further contributing to weight gain.
- Insulin resistance: Chronic stress can disrupt the body’s insulin sensitivity, leading to weight gain.
In Your 40s
Symptoms:
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Perimenopause: The hormonal changes during this period can be exacerbated by chronic stress, leading to weight gain.
- Cardiovascular disease: Chronic stress can increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions.
In Your 50s
Symptoms:
- Increased abdominal fat
- Difficulty sleeping
- Mood swings
Associated Conditions:
- Menopause: The drop in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause can be exacerbated by chronic stress, leading to weight gain.
- Osteoporosis: Chronic stress can increase the risk of osteoporosis by disrupting the body’s calcium balance.
In Your 60s
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Decreased muscle mass
- Increased abdominal fat
Associated Conditions:
- Post-menopause: After menopause, chronic stress can continue to impact hormonal balance and contribute to weight gain.
- Cardiovascular disease: Chronic stress can continue to increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions.
7. Sleep and Weight Gain
Many women (men too) report difficulty sleeping as they get older. Or, maybe you don’t wake feeling as rested, even after a full night’s sleep. With less sleep, you’ll also have less fuel in the tank to be active or exercise. At night, hot flashes and sweats are two of the biggest “good night’s sleep” offenders and disruptors at this age. You can thank your shifting hormones for these lovely, damp visitors.
Sleep plays a crucial and unavoidable role in our overall health and weight management. Sleep disruptions can significantly impact our metabolism, appetite, and energy levels, all of which can contribute to weight gain.
Types of Sleep Disruptors and Solutions
Insomnia
Insomnia, defined as difficulty falling or staying asleep, can disrupt your sleep cycle and lead to weight gain.
Solutions:
- Establish a regular sleep schedule: Forget the calendar, getting to bed and waking up at the same time daily can help regulate your body’s internal clock and improve your sleep quality.
- Limit caffeine and alcohol: Both caffeine and alcohol can interfere with your sleep. Limit your intake of both, especially in the 3-5 hours leading up to bedtime.
- Create a restful environment: Make your bedroom a sleep-friendly environment. This includes keeping it dark, quiet, and at a comfortable temperature.
Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea, a condition where breathing stops and starts repeatedly during sleep, can disrupt sleep and lead to weight gain.
Solutions:
- Lose weight: Losing weight can reduce sleep apnea symptoms if you’re overweight.
- Avoid alcohol and sedatives: These substances can relax the muscles in your throat, worsening sleep apnea.
- Use a CPAP machine: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines use pressurized air to help keep your airway open while you sleep, improving sleep quality. Oral devices are an excellent alternative for those unable to tolerate CPAP.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
RLS, a condition with which sufferers experience an uncontrollable urge to move their legs, can disrupt sleep and lead to weight gain.
Solutions:
- Regular exercise: Regular, moderate exercise can help reduce RLS symptoms.
- Limit caffeine: Caffeine can worsen RLS symptoms. Limiting your intake altogether is optimal, but especially in the hours leading up to bedtime.
- Practice good sleep hygiene: Establishing a regular sleep schedule and creating a restful environment can improve your sleep quality.
Impact of Too Much or Too Little Sleep on Weight
Both too much and too little sleep can contribute to weight gain. Lack of sleep can disrupt your body’s hunger hormones, leading to increased appetite and cravings. On the other hand, oversleeping can lead to decreased physical activity, contributing to weight gain.
Sleep or Weight Gain Symptoms and Associated Conditions
In Your 30s
Symptoms:
- Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Increased appetite and cravings
Associated Conditions:
- Insomnia: Chronic insomnia can disrupt your body’s hormonal balance, leading to weight gain.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal disorder can cause weight gain and disrupt sleep.
In Your 40s
Symptoms:
- Snoring or pauses in breathing during sleep
- Weight gain, especially around the waist
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
Associated Conditions:
- Sleep Apnea: This sleep disorder can disrupt your sleep and lead to weight gain.
- Perimenopause: The hormonal changes during this period can disturb sleep and lead to weight gain.
In Your 50s
Symptoms:
- Uncomfortable sensations in legs or an uncontrollable urge to move legs
- Increased abdominal fat
- Difficulty sleeping
Associated Conditions:
- Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): This condition can disrupt your sleep (and partner if you share a bed) and lead to weight gain.
- Menopause: The drop in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause can disrupt sleep and lead to weight gain.
In Your 60s
Symptoms:
- Continued weight gain
- Decreased muscle mass
- Increased sleep disturbances
Associated Conditions:
- Post-menopause: After menopause, sleep disturbances can continue to impact weight gain.
- Sarcopenia: You should know this one by now 😊
8. Medical Conditions and Medications
Certain medical conditions and some medications can also contribute to unexplained weight gain. Hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), depression, anxiety, and perimenopause are some of the conditions that can lead to weight gain. Additionally, certain medications, including some types of antidepressants, beta-blockers, and steroids, can cause weight gain.
Hypothyroidism
This condition surfaces when your thyroid gland is sluggish and doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate your metabolism and fluid balance. Symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, and unexplained weight gain.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a hormonal disorder common among women from puberty to perimenopausal age. Women with PCOS typically have irregular or absent menstrual periods. Excess hair growth and acne come from excess male hormone (androgen) levels. This insidious condition can lead to weight gain, difficulty losing weight, irregular periods, and infertility in women.
Depression
Depression is a common mental health condition characterized by a continuum of symptoms, from a persistently depressed mood or a lack of interest in activities, causing significant impairments to daily life. It can also lead to a host of physical and emotional challenges, and interfere with a person’s ability to function, both at work and at home. One of the physical symptoms of depression can be changes in appetite or weight, including significant weight loss or weight gain. This can be due to differences in eating habits in response to feelings of sadness or hopelessness, or it could be a side effect of certain antidepressant medications.
Anxiety
This group of disorders are characterized by a variety of symptoms, including excessive worry, restlessness, and trouble with concentration. People with anxiety disorders might experience physical symptoms such as rapid heart rate, fatigue, and unwanted weight changes. Some people might eat less when anxious, while others might eat more and gain weight. Weight gain can also be a side effect of certain anxiety medications.
Perimenopause
Perimenopause is the precursor to menopause, during which a woman’s body undergoes natural changes due to decreasing levels of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. This hormonal fluctuation can lead to various symptoms, including irregular periods, hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and weight gain. The weight gain typically occurs around the abdomen rather than the hips and thighs. The decreases in estrogen can also lead to losses of bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis.
Cushing’s Syndrome
This condition occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time. Symptoms may include weight gain, fatty tissue deposits around the mid waist and upper region of the back, in the face (moon face), and between the shoulders (buffalo hump), and visible pink or purple stretch marks on the skin.
Medications and Weight Gain
Certain medications can also contribute to gaining weight or make it more challenging to lose weight. Here are a few examples:
- Antidepressants: Some antidepressants can lead to weight gain by affecting your appetite or metabolism. This doesn’t mean you should stop taking your medication if you notice weight gain, but you should discuss it with your doctor and other alternatives without the same side-effect profile.
- Beta Blockers: These are medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure. They can slow your heart rate and reduce your body’s ability to burn calories, leading to weight gain.
- Insulin: Insulin is a hormone that’s beneficial until it’s not. Insulin is used to treat diabetes. While it’s crucial for controlling blood sugar levels, too much insulin leads to weight gain if not used correctly. Some people with diabetes think insulin is a ticket to eating whatever they want without realizing they are recreating insulin resistance, where their usual dose no longer produces the desired effect, and they gain fat.
- Steroids: Corticosteroids, often just called steroids, are medications often used to reduce inflammation. They can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including asthma, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. One common side effect of steroids is weight gain. Steroids can increase appetite, leading to increased calorie intake. They can also cause changes in where the body stores fat, often leading to fat deposits in the face, back of the neck, and abdomen.
- Migraine Medications: Certain medications that prevent migraines can also lead to weight gain. For example, drugs like amitriptyline and valproate can cause weight gain in some people. These medications can increase appetite and lead to water retention, resulting in weight gain. It’s important to note that not everyone who takes these medications will gain weight, and the benefits of preventing migraines often outweigh the potential for weight gain. However, if you’re concerned about weight gain, it’s worth discussing it with your healthcare provider.
It’s important to remember that while these medications can cause weight gain, they are often crucial for managing serious health conditions.
Conditions or Medications Impacting Women in Their 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60s Leading to Weight Gain
In Your 30s
Conditions:
- PCOS: This hormonal disorder can cause weight gain and disrupt sleep.
- Pregnancy: Weight gain is normal and expected during pregnancy, but excessive weight gain (>30 pounds) can lead to complications.
Medications:
- Birth Control Pills: Some women may experience weight gain due to fluid retention.
In Your 40s
Conditions:
- Hypothyroidism: This condition can slow your metabolism and cause weight gain.
- Perimenopause: The hormonal changes during this period can lead to weight gain.
Medications:
- Antidepressants: Some antidepressants can lead to weight gain by affecting your appetite or metabolism.
In Your 50s
Conditions:
- Menopause: The drop in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause can lead to weight gain.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Weight gain is a risk factor for developing this condition.
Medications:
- Insulin: Insulin is a crucial hormone for controlling blood sugar levels and managing diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2). Again, when not used correctly, it can lead to weight gain.
In Your 60s
Conditions:
- Hypothyroidism: This condition can continue to slow your metabolism and cause weight gain.
- Post-menopause: After menopause, hormonal changes can continue to impact weight gain.
Medications:
- Beta Blockers: These medications can slow your heart rate and reduce your body’s ability to burn calories, leading to weight gain.
So, What Can We Do About It?
Now that we’ve covered why unexplained weight gain happens, let’s talk about how to manage it.
1. Stay Active
What is the best way to keep your metabolism humming? Stay active. A personalized combination of strength training and cardio exercise at different intensities is recommended. Resistance training rebuilds lean muscle mass, which also helps burn fat and rev your metabolism, but it also helps keep your bones and body strong and healthy.
2. Eat a Balanced Diet
To avoid a glucose overload, include a mix of carbohydrates (read: fiber), protein, and fat at every meal. Make sure you’re not just loading up on carbs. Protein and healthy fats help your body feel more satisfied for a more extended period of time. A bonus, you’ll reduce those cravings for starchy, sugary carbs that leave you with a sugar crash and more cravings.
3. Manage Stress
Get a handle on your stress. Find strategies that work for you, whether that’s yoga, meditation, coloring, or reading. The endorphins released during exercise (not HIIT) will also do wonders for boosting your mood and helping you feel better in your skin.
4. Prioritize Sleep
Establishing a soothing bedtime routine is paramount. In particular, reduce your use of electronics before going to sleep, as the blue light that comes from these devices can interrupt your body’s natural circadian rhythm and suppress melatonin, the hormone that makes you sleepy at night.
5. Consult Your Doctor
If you’re experiencing unexplained weight gain, consulting with your healthcare provider is always a good idea. Your provider will help identify any underlying medical conditions or medication side effects contributing to the weight gain.
Action Steps to Reverse the Trend of Unexplained Weight Gain
Unexplained weight gain can feel like an uphill battle, but understanding the potential causes is the first step toward finding a solution. Whether it’s hormonal changes, stress, sleep disruptions, medical conditions, or certain medications, there are steps you can take today to start reversing this trend.
Understanding Your Biochemical and Physiological Individuality
Each of us is unique, not just in our personalities and preferences but also in our biochemistry and physiology. Basically, what works for one person may not necessarily work for another. For example, a diet or exercise regimen that helps one person lose weight might not have the same effect on someone else. This is due to differences in our metabolism, hormonal balance, genetic makeup, and many other factors.
This individuality extends to how we experience and respond to stress, how we sleep, and how our bodies react to different medications. It’s also why certain medical conditions can lead to weight gain in some people but not in others.
Recognizing this individuality is crucial when it comes to managing weight. It’s why a one-size-fits-all approach often falls short, and personalized strategies based on a thorough understanding of your unique biochemistry and physiology are much more likely to succeed.
Working with an Experienced Provider
If you suspect your weight gain might be related to any of the factors discussed in this blog, seeking help from an experienced healthcare provider is essential. They can work with you to identify potential causes, develop a personalized action plan, and guide you through implementing changes and monitoring your progress.
At our clinic, we understand the complexities of weight management and the many factors that can contribute to unexplained weight gain. We offer a complimentary consultation to learn about your specific barriers and determine the best action plan to help you reach your goals.
During this consultation, we’ll discuss your medical history, lifestyle, diet, exercise habits, stress levels, sleep patterns, and any medications you’re taking. We’ll also talk about any symptoms you’ve been experiencing and how they might be related to your weight gain.
Based on this information, we’ll recommend a clinically proven plan or develop a personalized plan that addresses your unique needs and challenges. This might involve dietary changes, exercise recommendations, stress management strategies, and sleep habit adjustments. We’ll also monitor your progress and adjust as needed to ensure you’re moving toward your goals.
Taking the First Step
Some weight gain is a natural part of life for both men and women, and it’s nothing to be ashamed of. The goal isn’t to fit into a certain size or meet a specific number on the scale but to feel healthy and strong in our bodies. Remember, unexplained weight gain is not a personal failing but a complex interplay of various factors. With the proper support and a personalized approach, you can start to unravel these complexities and take control of your weight and your health.
We’re here to help you every step of the way. Let’s work together to remove the barriers to weight management and help you reach your goals. Your journey starts today.
The journey towards better health and weight management starts with a single step. You’re taking that first crucial step by reaching out for help and taking advantage of our complimentary consultation. You’re acknowledging that you’re ready for a change and not alone in this journey.
